General Cyberspace: Cyberspace and Cyber-Enabled Spaces
Huansheng Ning, Xiaozhen Ye, Mohammed Amine Bouras, Dawei Wei, Mahmoud Daneshmand · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · 2018
Cyberspace is the digital world created based on traditional physical, social, and thinking spaces (PST) but in turn makes a great difference on PST. The cyberization and the emergence of cyber-enabled spaces can be viewed as the bridge between cyberspace and PST, which reshaped the current definition of cyberspace and contributed to a novel concept general cyberspace (GC). Generally, GC is a unified description of conventional cyberspace (also shortly cyberspace in this paper) and cyber-enabled PST. It essentially emerges from cyberspace based on ubiquitous connections between things and the deep convergence of spaces. This paper proposes the definition of GC and investigates it from its three main aspects: 1) existence; 2) interactions; and 3) applications/services, respectively, in terms of philosophy, science, and technology outlook.