Multi-level and antipodal labelings for certain classes of circulant graphs
Shin Min Kang, Saima Nazeer, Imrana Kousar, Waqas Nazeer, Young Chel Kwun · The Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications · 2016
A radio k-labeling c of a graph G is a mapping \(c : V (G) \rightarrow Z^+\cup \{0\}\) such that \(d(u; v)+|c(u)-c(v)| \geq k+1\) for every two distinct vertices u and v of G, where d(u; v) is the distance between any two vertices u and v of G. The span of a radio k-labeling c is denoted by sp(c) and defined as \(\max\{|c(u) - c(v)| : u; v \in V (G)\}\). The radio labeling is a radio k-labeling when \(k = diam(G)\). In other words, a radio labeling is a one-to-one function f from \(V (G)\) to \(Z^+ \cup \{0\}\) such that \(|c(u) - c(v)| \geq diam(G) + 1 - d(u; v)\) for any pair of vertices u, v in G. The radio number of G expressed by rn(G), is the lowest span taken over all radio labelings of the graph. For \(k = diam(G) - 1\), a radio k- labeling is called a radio antipodal labeling. An antipodal labeling for a graph G is a function \(c : V (G) \rightarrow \{0; 1; 2; ... \}\) such that \(d(u; v) + |c(u) - c(v)| \geq diam(G)\) for all \(u; v \in V (G)\). The radio antipodal number for G denoted by an(G), is the minimum span of an antipodal labeling admitted by G. In this paper, we investigate the exact value of the radio number and radio antipodal number for the circulant graphs \(G(4mk + 2m; \{1; 2m\}),\) when \(m \geq 3\) is odd. Furthermore, we also determine the lower bound of the radio number for the circulant graphs \(G(4mk + 2m; \{1; 2m\}),\) when \(m \geq 2\) is even.