Scalable resource reservation signaling in the internet
Ping Pan, Henning G. Schulzrinne · 2002
Resource reservation protocols were originally designed to signal end hosts and network routers to provide quality of service to individual real-time flows. More recently, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have been using the same signaling mechanisms to set up provider-level Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) in the form of MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP). It is likely that the need for reservation signaling protocols will increase, and these protocols will eventually become an indispensable part of Internet service. Therefore, reservation signaling must scale well with the rapidly growing size of the Internet. Over the years, there have been debates over whether or not there is a need for resource reservation. Some people have been advocating over-provisioning as the means to solve link congestion and end-to-end delay problems. The over-provisioning argument is largely driven by the expectation that the bandwidth price will drop drastically. From our investigation, however, we found that many end users have not been benefiting from over-provisioning: the current Internet has bandwidth bottleneck links that can cause longlasting congestion and delay. At the same time, leased line cost has not been reduced sufficiently in a timely manner for many network providers to deploy high-speed links everywhere