Efficient Forwarding Approach on Boundaries of Voids in Wireless Sensor Networks
Mohamed Aissani, Sofiane Bouznad, Salah-Eddine Allia, Abdelmalek Hariza · 2012
Abstract—Geographical routing protocols are scalable, but they must handle voids appearing in wireless sensor networks. Existing void-handling techniques present limits, particularly in real-time applications. Consequently, we propose in this paper an efficient forwarding approach that orients any packet which arrives at a boundary node in the shortest path towards the sink. The handled voids can be either closed within a deployed sensor network or open located on the network boundary. To keep unchanged the size of each created void for a long time, the use of a 2-hop forwarding mode is privileged in our approach to preserve the limited energy of boundary nodes. The information needed for our mechanisms is provided by simple and reactive algorithms that we propose in this paper to discover and maintain the boundaries of voids. Associated with the SPEED real-time routing protocol, and evaluated in several conditions, our proposal performs very well in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, control packet overhead and energy balancing.