A comparative analysis of invisible image watermarking techniques
Smit Trambadia, Hemant Mayatra · 2016
There are many invisible image watermarking techniques that can be used to provide authenticity and intellectual property rights. This paper presents a comprehensive frame work of invisible image watermarking techniques FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) based on Arnold Transform (AT) scrambling. DWT based on Arnold Transform gives better results in terms of authenticity and robustness as compared to FFT and DCT technique. The performance of each invisible image watermarking technique is theoretically and mathematically analyzed based on parameter PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error). Also, the performance of each technique is analyzed on different noise and transformation attack. An experiment based on gray scale image that shows there is consistency between the theoretical analysis and the experimental result analysis. In extraction process, invisible image watermarking technique is applied on both host image and watermarked image.