A Review on Synthesis of Antihypertensive Sartan Drugs
Vijaya Bhaskar Vangala, Rama Mohan Hindupur, Hari N. Pati · International journal of pharma research and review · 2014
Elevated blood pressure or hypertension is the chronic medical condition which is mainly responsible for cardiovascular diseases today. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is the basic system in humans which is used to regulate the blood pressure as well as related values such as sodium levels and fluid volumes. Targeting the AT1 receptors of Angiotensin-II with non-peptide based drugs which are otherwise called as Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB’s), led to the control of hypertension, ultimately controlling its associated heart related ailments such as coronary heart disease and stroke. The non-peptide imidazole derivatives also called as Sartans, are the latest family of drugs which stop the activity of angiotensin II by blocking its AT1 receptors. These drugs control blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, increase release of water and salt to urine, ultimately controlling the blood pressure. There are about six ARB’s approved by US-FDA which are superior to its alternative class of drugs called Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors which block the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. ARB’s can be used to treat coronary heart disease in the people who cannot tolerate certain side effects caused due to the ACE inhibitors such as common ACE cough and patients with kidney ailments and diabetes. This review gives a brief account of the synthetic routes which were employed in the synthesis of presently marketed ARB’s or Sartan drugs.