Modeling and Simulation of Cervical Region of Spine Using Bond Graphs
Pratibha Tyagi, Vikas Rastogi, Ajat Shatru Arora · 2016
Each spine is unique and reacts in a slightly different way than all other spines. Spinal biomechanics has attracted the attention of biomechanics researchers for many reasons. Neck anatomy is a well-engineered structure of bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments and tendons. The cervical vertebrae provide for structure and control of certain types of movement in the neck i.e. flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion, and circumduction are the basic movements of the cervical region. At one point or another in their lives, most people will experience some degree of neck pain. The models employed in all aspects of science and engineering have grown increasingly complex, in order to allow them to capture more and more details of the systems that they are representing.