A confirmatory factor analysis of the attitude towards mathematics scale using multiply imputed datasets
Aszunarni Ayob, Ruhizan Mohamad Yassin · International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES · 2017
This study re-examined, via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method, construct validity of PISA 2012 attitude towards mathematics scale using multiply imputed datasets.Data for this study were drawn from the Malaysian sample of PISA 2012.Specifically, 4247 students from 135 Malaysian secondary schools were used as sample in this study.Prior to conducting the CFA, missing data resulted from questionnaire rotation design were multiply imputed using predictive mean matching (PMM) method via R-package Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE).Subsequently, Mardia's multivariate normality test was performed using Rpackage MVN.Since the attitude towards Mathematics scale was hypothesized to consist of ten constructs, a ten-factor congeneric CFA model was then built using R-package lavaan.survey,which incorporate both multiply imputed data and survey weights as well as non-normality of data through its Maximum Likelihood Robust estimation.After a few series of theory-guided model specification, several items with low loadings or crossloadings, and construct with low in both Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) were eliminated.Through examination of various goodness-of-fit indices, results indicated that the final nine-factor congeneric CFA model provided good fit to the data.