Threshold sensitive heterogeneous LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks
Saad Alharthi, Princy Johnson · 2016
Due to the inherent limitations of the sensor nodes (SNs) and the distributed nature of information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy efficient routing protocols have received significant research attention. Hierarchical routing based on clustering have been proven to be an effective method for energy-efficiency. Moreover, the presence of heterogeneous nodes with varied initial energies can improve the lifetime of WSNs. Although LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol is a homogeneous scheme, its performance can be improved by taking advantage of the presence of heterogeneous nodes. In this paper, a hybrid threshold sensitive and two-level heterogeneous LEACH (HT2HL) protocol is proposed. HT2HL combines the operation of heterogeneous LEACH and TEEN (Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network) protocols. HT2HL has been simulated in MATLAB and the results are compared with the known heterogeneous protocols SEP and DEEC for two-level heterogeneity. The metrics used in the performance evaluation are stability period in which the first node dies (FND), network lifetime which gives the number of alive nodes until half of the nodes die (HND) and when the last node dies (LND), the remaining energy and data rate over the network (throughput). The simulation results show that the proposed HT2HL protocol outperforms SEP and DEEC.