Gender Estimation Based on Smile-Dynamics
Antitza Dantcheva, François Brémond · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · 2016
Automated gender estimation has numerous applications, including video surveillance, human-computer interaction, anonymous customized advertisement, and image retrieval. Most commonly, the underlying algorithms analyze the facial appearance for clues of gender. In this paper, we propose a novel method for gender estimation, which exploits dynamic features gleaned from smiles and we proceed to show that: a) facial dynamics incorporate clues for gender dimorphism and b) while for adult individuals appearance features are more accurate than dynamic features, for subjects under 18 years facial dynamics can outperform appearance features. In addition, we fuse proposed dynamics-based approach with state-of-the-art appearance-based algorithms, predominantly improving performance of the latter. Results show that smile-dynamics include pertinent and complementary to appearance gender information.