SMPTE Tutorial Paper: Noise in Film-to-Video Transfers
Steven J. Powell, Glenn L. Kennel · SMPTE Journal · 1987
Factors affecting noise in film-to-video transfers are discussed. Two primary sources of noise are identified: noise associated with film granularity and electronic noise. The influence of various film stocks on noise (such as negative films and positive films) and the effects of telecine controls on noise are described. Comparisons are also made between specific characteristics of 16 mm and 35 mm film stocks.