Human-computer integration
Umer Farooq, Jonathan T. Grudin · interactions · 2016
Insights → Interaction can be described as stimulus-response, whereas integration implies partnership between the human and computer.→ There is a continuum from interaction to integration; i.e., integration extends but doesn't replace interaction.→ As designers, developers, researchers, product managers, entrepreneurs, and users, we can improve human-computer interaction by focusing on the larger context of integration.a new perspective is in order.Some engineers and fiction writers have envisioned aspects of a future that is now becoming the present.Some had utopian takes, others dystopian; both are evident in the intriguing benefits and cautionary challenges we face.Realizing the potential of pivoting to integration requires a conscious change of approach.Different research questions and design possibilities emerge when you shift from the familiar perspective of human-computer interaction to a view of human-computer integration that is still coalescing.We will not stop interacting with computers and other digital devices.The era of human-computer interaction is giving way to the era of humancomputer integration-integration in the broad sense of a partnership or symbiotic relationship in which humans and software act with autonomy, giving rise to patterns of behavior that must be considered holistically.Cyborgs or brain-computer interfaces may come later, but integration is already well under way.Even when generally aware of this profound change, we continue to observe the world through lenses acquired in the era of human-computer interaction.To most effectively design and evaluate software and hardware, Human-Computer Integration