Synthesis of CMOS operational amplifiers through genetic algorithms
Ricardo Salem Zebulum, Marco Aurélio C. Pacheco, Marley M. B. R. Vellasco · 1998
This work studies the problem of CMOS operational amplifiers (OpAmps) design optimisation. The synthesis of these amplifiers can be translated into a multiple-objective optimisation task, in which a large number of specifications has to be taken into account, i.e., GBW, area, power consumption and others. We introduce and apply the Genetic Algorithm [4] (GA) optimisation technique to the proposed problem. A novel multi-objective optimisation methodology is embedded in our genetic algorithm and we focus on the synthesis of a standard analog operational amplifier. The proposed methodology is very general, in the sense that it can be applied to digital and analog VLSI design with multiple-objectives specifications. 1.Introduction We present a novel methodology applied to the problem of OpAmp design optimisation, which is a problem of practical interest. Analog circuitry, though constituting only a small part of the total area of modern chips, is usually the limiting factor of their over...