Instantaneous Fundamental Frequency Estimation With Optimal Segmentation for Nonstationary Voiced Speech
Sidsel Marie Nørholm, Jesper Rindom Jensen, Mads Græsbøll Christensen · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · 2016
In speech processing, the speech is often considered stationary within segments of 20-30 ms even though it is well known not to be true. In this paper, we take the nonstationarity of voiced speech into account by using a linear chirp model to describe the speech signal. We propose a maximum likelihood estimator of the fundamental frequency and chirp rate of this model, and show that it reaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Since the speech varies over time, a fixed segment length is not optimal, and we propose making a segmentation of the signal based on the maximum a posteriori criterion. Using this segmentation method, the segments are on average longer for the chirp model compared to the traditional harmonic model. For the signal under test, the average segment length is 24.4 and 17.1 ms for the chirp model and traditional harmonic model, respectively. This suggests a better fit of the chirp model than the harmonic model to the speech signal. The methods are based on an assumption of white Gaussian noise, and, therefore, two prewhitening filters are also proposed.