How good are the specs? a study of the bug-finding effectiveness of existing Java API specifications
Owolabi Legunsen, Wajih Ul Hassan, Xinyue Xu, Grigore Roşu, Darko Marinov · 2016
Runtime verification can be used to find bugs early, during software development, by monitoring test executions against formal specifications (specs). The quality of runtime verification depends on the quality of the specs. While previous research has produced many specs for the Java API, manually or through automatic mining, there has been no large-scale study of their bug-finding effectiveness.