Floodlight quantum key distribution: Demonstrating a framework for high-rate secure communication
Zheshen Zhang, Quntao Zhuang, Franco N. C. Wong, Jeffrey H. Shapiro · Physical Review A · 2017
Floodlight quantum key distribution (FL-QKD) is a radically different QKD paradigm that can achieve gigabit-per-second secret-key rates over metropolitan area distances without multiplexing [Q. Zhuang et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 012322 (2016)]. It is a two-way protocol that transmits many photons per bit duration and employs a high-gain optical amplifier, neither of which can be utilized by existing QKD protocols, to mitigate channel loss. FL-QKD uses an optical bandwidth that is substantially larger than the modulation rate and performs decoding with a unique broadband homodyne receiver. Essential to FL-QKD is Alice's injection of photons from a photon-pair source---in addition to the light used for key generation---into the light she sends to Bob. This injection enables Alice and Bob to quantify Eve's intrusion and thus secure FL-QKD against collective attacks. Our proof-of-concept experiment included 10 dB propagation loss---equivalent to 50 km of low-loss fiber---and achieved a 55 Mbit/s secret-key rate (SKR) for a 100 Mbit/s modulation rate, as compared to the state-of-the-art system's 1 Mbit/s SKR for a 1 Gbit/s modulation rate [M. Lucamarini et al., Opt. Express 21, 24550 (2013)], representing $\ensuremath{\sim}500$-fold and $\ensuremath{\sim}50$-fold improvements in secret-key efficiency (bits per channel use) and SKR (bits per second), respectively.