A Novel Frequency Hopping Scheme for Secure and Reliable Communication Systems
Wassim Itani, Ayman Khalil, Diana Sidani, Lina Agha, Meshref Lebanon · American academic & scholarly research journal · 2012
Abstract. Societies nowadays are far more dependent on technology mediated communication than before. The increasing importance of information and communication has brought with it an attempt by the military and other powerful organizations to maintain their dominance by asserting control over communication. Secure communication has grown to be vitally important (ictregulationtoolkit.org).This paper studies a novel frequency hopping schema that assures secure transmission of real and non-real data transmission. The paper proposes the usage of chaotic functions, logistic mapping and tent mapping, in addition to matrix operations in order to define hopping sequences. A tree algorithm is used in order to combine the above generated frequencies. The paper proposes a novel system that increases the complexity of existing algorithms and makes it very hard to predict using a frequency analyzer. The paper forms a solid ground to a secure Radio Frequency (RF) communication that can be used in real-life applications that seek security in their communications such as military applications.Keywords: Secure Transmission, Radio Frequency Systems, Chaotic Frequency Hopping, Tent Mapping, Logistic Mapping, Tree Algorithm.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. Introduction1.1 General BackgroundFrequency hopping is the easiest spread spectrum modulation to use. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) divides the existing frequency band into a chain of small sub channels. In general, frequency hopping is a radio transmission technique where the signal is divided into multiple parts and then sent across the air in random pattern of hopping frequencies.Generating the FH sequence is one of the key technologies of FH communication systems. The FH sequence must have several properties in order to be categorized as a good sequence.In military use, frequency hopping provides great protection against eavesdropping. Moreover if the communication is using spread spectrum frequency hopping provides an antijamming solution (Komo andSoutheastcon 1989). In civilian use, frequency hopping is used in the unlicensed bands declared by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC), which are 900MHz and 2.4GHz. Frequency hopping is used by many devices such as walkie-talkies, and some radio services such as eXtreme Radio Service (eXRS) (wikipedia.org).In commercial communication systems, frequency hopping is used in applications such as Bluetooth technologies and ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems.1.2 Problem StatementWhether using the basic sequences, which mostly use linear functions, or using chaotic sequences, one is not able to attain high level of security. Basic sequences are easily discovered using linear functions. Using chaotic sequences allows the user to increase the complexity of the system, yet with the development of computation technology as well as nonlinear theory, the reconstruction of these sequences became possible. This leads to exposing the sequence to eavesdropping and eliminating the security of the system. Moreover, it is known that chaotic sequences, along with some none chaotic sequences, are sensitive to initial conditions. Therefore, choosing the right initial values allows one to add more security to the system.Statement: the problem of present sequences lies in the ability of reconstructing the whole sequence from a partial sequence, thus allowing the prediction of upcoming frequency hopes after a certain time. The presence of one function, whether basic or chaotic, is a main factor to this problem.2. Survey of Existing Studies2.1 IntroductionJohannes Zenneck's book Wireless Telegraphy (German, 1908, English translation McGraw Hill, 1915) was possibly the earliest mention of frequency hopping in the open literature. Nowadays, several frequency hopping sequences are implemented in variable systems, these sequences are categorized into chaotic and none chaotic sequences. …