An Adaptive Zoning Technique for Word Spotting Using Dynamic Time Warping
Angelos Papandreou, Basilis Gatos, Konstantinos Zagoris · 2016
Zoning features have been proved one of the most efficient statistical features which provide high speed and low complexity word matching. They are calculated by the density of pixels or pattern characteristics in several zones that the pattern frame is divided. In this paper, an adaptive zoning technique for efficient word spotting is introduced. The main idea is that the zoning features are extracted after cutting the query word in vertical zones, according to its length and pixel distribution along the horizontal axis, and adjusting these boundaries optimally with the corresponding zones in the candidate match-word using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). This adjustment is performed by coupling every zone of the query word to the corresponding zone of each candidate match-word with the use of the corresponding warping matrix. This process absorbs the ambiguities between the query and the candidate match words and due to this fact it can be applied to both machine-printed and handwritten document images. The proposed word spotting technique is tested using the pixel density as a characteristic feature in every zone and an improvement is recorded compared to other state-of-the-art methods.