Extra-oral retraction mechanics: a review
Keith A. Godfrey · Australasian Orthodontic Journal · 2004
OBJECTIVES: The literature relating the centres of resistance of the maxillary molars, the maxillary dental arch, and the maxilla to extra-oral retraction vectors intended for both orthodontic and orthopaedic effects, is reviewed. Conventional clinical wisdom concerning the different effects of cervical-, straight-, and high-pull vectors is questioned. CONCLUSION: Published studies lack the rigorous design necessary for unequivocal interpretation.