An empirical study of programming paradigms for animation
Jan-Peter Krämer, Michael Hennings, Joel Brandt, Jan Borchers · 2016
Animations are an essential part of many modern user interfaces. They are often defined programmatically, which allows for parametrization and reuse. Two programming paradigms to define animations are common: Procedural animation programming allows the developer to make explicit updates to object properties at each frame, allowing maximum control over behavior. Declarative animation programming allows the developer to specify keyframes, i.e., the value of an object's property at a given point in time. All frames between two keyframes are automatically interpolated by the animation library.