Apprentissage automatique dynamique pour la classification supervisée et non supervisée
Adela-Maria Sîrbu · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2016
The research direction we are focusing on in the thesis is applying dynamic machine learning models to salve supervised and unsupervised classification problems. We are living in a dynamic environment, where data is continuously changing and the need to obtain a fast and accurate solution to our problems has become a real necessity. The particular problems that we have decided te approach in the thesis are pedestrian recognition (a supervised classification problem) and clustering of gene expression data (an unsupervised classification. problem). The approached problems are representative for the two main types of classification and are very challenging, having a great importance in real life.The first research direction that we approach in the field of dynamic unsupervised classification is the problem of dynamic clustering of gene expression data. Gene expression represents the process by which the information from a gene is converted into functional gene products: proteins or RNA having different roles in the life of a cell. Modern microarray technology is nowadays used to experimentally detect the levels of expressions of thousand of genes, across different conditions and over time. Once the gene expression data has been gathered, the next step is to analyze it and extract useful biological information. One of the most popular algorithms dealing with the analysis of gene expression data is clustering, which involves partitioning a certain data set in groups, where the components of each group are similar to each other. In the case of gene expression data sets, each gene is represented by its expression values (features), at distinct points in time, under the monitored conditions. The process of gene clustering is at the foundation of genomic studies that aim to analyze the functions of genes because it is assumed that genes that are similar in their expression levels are also relatively similar in terms of biological function.The problem that we address within the dynamic unsupervised classification research direction is the dynamic clustering of gene expression data. In our case, the term dynamic indicates that the data set is not static, but it is subject to change. Still, as opposed to the incremental approaches from the literature, where the data set is enriched with new genes (instances) during the clustering process, our approaches tackle the cases when new features (expression levels for new points in time) are added to the genes already existing in the data set. To our best knowledge, there are no approaches in the literature that deal with the problem of dynamic clustering of gene expression data, defined as above. In this context we introduced three dynamic clustering algorithms which are able to handle new collected gene expression levels, by starting from a previous obtained partition, without the need to re-run the algorithm from scratch. Experimental evaluation shows that our method is faster and more accurate than applying the clustering algorithm from scratch on the feature extended data set...