Method of digital image watermarking in FRFT domain based on Arnold scrambling
Yang Wen-kao · Railway Computer Application · 2011
A method of digital image watermarking with the Fractional Fourier Transform(FRFT) domain based on Arnold scrambling was proposed in this paper.Be different with FFT,FRFT was with characteristics of both spatial and frequency domain,the paper chose to make the watermark information embedded in the amplitude spectrum after the FRFT transform.In addition,Arnold scrambling was performed before the significant gray image watermark was embed.The best scrambling times was chosen to be as the key of second encryption in the watermark extraction.The experiment results indicated that the algorithm could fight against the common image attacks,such as JPEG compression,noise,cropping,and filtering,which ensured the invisibility,security and robustness of the watermark.