Ten Problems in Artificial Intelligence.
Roger C. Schank, Christopher Owens · Discovery Science · 1987
Abstract : Researchers in Artificial Intelligence have had a difficult time defining the field's goals and assessing its progress. Some have focused on the task of modelling the human brain, others have focused on developing smart machines independent of the constraints of psychological or neurological realism. Over the years the notion of what is an AI task has changed, as problems once thought to be easy have turned out to be hard, and vice versa. This paper discusses some problems that are currently of interest to the field, and places them in the context of a more enduring question: What is intelligence? It attempts to enumerate a few essential aspects of intelligence that every human, animal or intelligent machine must, to some degree, exhibit.