From Hard Systems Methodology to Holistic and Pluralistic Methodology
Fan Dong-pin · Journal of South China Normal University · 2010
Hard systems methodology is a kind of systems methodology that takes the overall optimization as the core and the functionalism as the foundation.Soft systems methodology have overcome hard systems methodology's weakness of placing undue emphasis on instrumental rationality and highlight the necessity of value rationality and the communicative rationality.The development of systems methodology shows that taking a position of holism and pluralism and using multi-level,multi-dimensional systems methodology will be an effective solution to the real systems complex problems.