Wireless Sensor networks: Routing protocols, Challenges, Solutions
Ponukumati Sivaram, Suresh Angadi · 2013
the most important evolution of the modern era is Wireless Sensors networks. Recent advancements in WSNs also led to the implementation of several new protocols which are to be implemented for proper functioning of the network. This paper reviews the different type of routing techniques used and the different type of routing protocols used also the routing protocols problems .We have also provided the necessary security solutions regarding the routing problems and also the different types of sensors used based on properties. Keywords—WSN, routing protocols, security solutions, types. I. INTRODUCTION The rapid growth in the technology has led to different ways which led to the creation of different type of networks for several purposes. The factors like collection of data, interpret and act on real time data gains increasing interest. However, for the collection of data wired sensor networks have a lot of factors which do not ease the process of doing so. This led to the fast development and increasing use of Wireless sensor networks (WSN).This are one kind of communication network that provides redundant and less fault tolerant wireless connection between sensors, actuators and collectors. The WSNs are generally a huge combination of several sensor nodes which are used to form secure and flexible networks by combining the sensor radio and the CPU. The WSNs works more effectively and also are low power consumption networks. In any type of networks energy is the primary resource, as the networks are operated to exhibit certain kind of properties there is a definite need of optimization of the network architecture in order to reduce the resource consumed. The limitations make the sensor networks architecture and also their routing protocols more challenging and divergent. The WSNs are a combination of different routing, power management and data distribution protocols and these are designed by considering the work of sensor and also the applications in which it is used. The protocols used here needs to support different constraints which are helpful in maintaining and proper functioning of the WSNs.The different type of constraints or factors to be considered are memory, power consumption, scalability, adaptivity, latency, tolerance also the size of the sensor include in it. The implementation of these protocols helps in proper working of the WSNs as these were perfectly done sensor networks are having number of applications in various fields. The different type of applications are military sensing, physical security, air traffic control, traffic surveillance, video surveillance, industrial and manufacturing automation, distributed robotics, environment monitoring, and building and structures monitoring, Medical applications, atmospheric observance, home intelligence etc.,