Programming the X-Stack: Challenges and Opportunities
Barbara Chapman · 2011
K computer 68,544 SPARC64 VIIIfx processors, Tofu interconnect, Linuxbased enhanced OS, produced by Fujitsu Tianhe-1A 7,168 Fermi GPUs and 14,336 CPUs; it would require more than 50,000 CPUs and twice as much floor space to deliver the same performance using CPUs alone. Jaguar 224,256 x86-based AMD Opteron processor cores, Each compute node features two Opterons with 12 cores and 16GB of shared memory Nebulae Nvidia Tesla 4640 GPUs, Intel X5650-based 9280 CPUs Tsubame 4200 GPUs Top 10 Energy-efficient Supercomputers (June 2011)