A Solid-State Shock 'Scrambler'
Stephen W. Flax, William W. Hahn · The American Journal of Psychology · 1967
The frequent use of shock grids for a variety of behavioral treatments and test-measures has led to the development of various electronic and electro-mechanical 'scramblers.' In general, these are devices which apply voltage to different bars to prevent a subject (S) avoiding shock by contacting a pair of + or grid bars, or shorting the grid when a bolus lodges between two bars. The usual disadvantages of previous 'scramblers'