Quantum Phase and Phase Difference for Fermion
Liu Sheng-dian, Xiong Zhang, Hou Guang, Zhang Yongde · Communications in Theoretical Physics · 1999
In this paper, from the index theorem, we present the Hermitian phase operator for fermion, give its eigenvalues and orthogonal, normalized and complete eigenstates. Furthermore, we also get the phase difference operator for two fermions and discuss its quantum properties.