Evolving Tic-Tac-Toe Playing Algorithms Using Co-Evolution, Interactive Fitness and Genetic Programming
Helia Mohammadi, Nigel P. A. Browne, A.N. Venetsanopoulos, Marcus Vinicius dos Santos · International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering · 2013
Abstract—This paper presents a novel use of Genetic Programming, Co-Evolution and Interactive Fitness to evolve algorithms for the game of Tic-Tac-Toe. The selected tree-structured algorithms are evaluated based on a fitness-less double-game strategy and then compete against a human player. This paper will outline the evolution process which leads to producing the best Tic-Tac-Toe playing algorithm. The evolved algorithms have proven effective for playing against human opponents.