Load-Similar Node Distribution for Solving Energy Hole Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks
Qiaoqin Li, Ming Liu, Mei Yang, Guihai Chen · Journal of Software · 2011
基于多跳路由的传感器网络,靠近sink 的节点由于要转发更多的数据,其能量消耗较快.能量消耗的不平衡导致了sink 周围产生能量洞(energy hole),造成能量浪费,远离sink 的节点还有大量的能量,但产生的数据不能传送到sink.研究了传感器网络的能量洞问题.在网络的连续空间状态下分析节点的负载分布特性,并研究空闲侦听(idle listening)对能量消耗的影响.基于分析结果,提出负载相似节点分布(load-similar node distribution)策略,即根据负载分布特性配置节点,负载重的区域配置较多的节点,以平衡各区域节点的能量消耗,解决能量洞问题.仿真结果显示,在不考虑空闲侦听能量消耗的情况下,与已有的一种非均匀节点分布和均匀节点分布相比,负载相似节点分布策略对网络寿命有显著改善;当考虑空闲侦听时,由于空闲侦听的能量消耗在总能量消耗中占较大比重,影响了网络寿命,但与其他两种节点分布策略相比,负载相似节点分布对网络寿命仍然有所改善.该分析模型和提出的负载相似节点分布策略可适用于其他多跳传感器网络.;In a multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor nodes closer to the sink have to take a heavier traffic load, and thus, these sensor nodes tend to deplete their energy faster. This uneven energy depletion leads to what is called an energy hole around the sink. If this happens, no more data can be delivered to the sink, and a considerable amount of energy is wasted. This paper investigates the energy hole problem in WSNs. Based on the analysis of traffic load distribution in the continuous space of the network, a load-similar node distribution strategy is proposed to balance energy consumption and solve the energy hole problem. Sensor nodes are deployed according to the load distribution. Most nodes will be deployed in the range where the average load is higher. The impact of idle listening is also investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the load-similar node distribution strategy prolongs a longer network lifetime than existing nonuniform node distribution and uniform node distribution strategies that do not take in consideration idle listening. When idle listening is considered, the energy consumed on idle listening plays an important part in the overall energy consumption and impacts the network lifetime. The load-similar node distribution improves the network lifetime, although the improvement is not as prominent as without considering idle listening. The analysis model and the proposed load-similar node distribution strategy have the potential to be applied to other multi-hop WSN structures.