Semantic labeling of digital photos by classification
Gianluigi Ciocca, Claudio Cusano, Raimondo Schettini, Carla Brambilla · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2003
The paper addresses the problem of annotating photographs with broad semantic labels. To cope with the great variety of photos available on the WEB we have designed a hierarchical classification strategy which first classifies images as pornographic or not-pornographic. Not-pornographic images are then classified as indoor, outdoor, or close-up. On a database of over 9000 images, mostly downloaded from the web, our method achieves an average accuracy of close to 90%.