A SURVEY ON ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Shilpa Das, Benudhar Sahu · 2014
Wireless Sensor Networks have been a growing domain of research for the past few decades. The tasks performed by this network is basically sensing of required data as per the application by the deployed sensor nodes, collecting and processing the required data and forwarding the data of interest to the sink. These operations require energy to accomplish these tasks, which is provided by battery present in the nodes. Due to a limited source of energy, the sensor nodes are always prone to failure. This survey paper discusses about the basic issue of energy in WSN, distinct sources affecting energy, and the recent techniques to conserve energy. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been an emerging area for the past few decades. Recent advances in the area of micro-electromechanical systems have boosted to the advantage of growth of this area. Generally, a wireless sensor network comprises of an area with tiny, low power, low-cost, multifunctional sensor nodes deployed either uniformly or randomly based on the need of the application with a sink. In order to measure different types of phenomena using threshold value, corresponding types of sensor nodes like thermal, seismic, magnetic, thermal, visual, acoustic, etc., can be utilized. Sensor nodes are deployed usually in a large quantity in either amicable or hostile environments. The sensor nodes generally have to be self-organized as they do not have any global identification. The sink is basically supplied with a large energy reserve and acts as repository of the data collected by the sensor nodes. WSN can be deployed for umpteen amount of applications like surveillance, environmental monitoring, health monitoring, & even military and commercial applications (1)(2). Sensor nodes are prone to failure due to various factors, & affect the basic mission for which it is deployed adversely. Generally, sensor nodes are powered by battery cells for their functionalities, there may be limited or no chance of replenishment of power supply when deployed in hostile environment. The basic issues faced by WSN are Hardware Constraints, Topology, Connectivity, Network Lifetime, Coverage, Energy, Congestion, Bandwidth Demand, Deployment etc. Among the discussed issues, the issue which is focused upon in this paper is the issue of energy in WSN, and presented a survey of the recent protocols and algorithms on energy conservation for WSN.