Decrease in query complexity for quantum computers with superposition of circuits
Mateus Araújo, Fabio A. S. Costa, Časlav Brukner · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2014
It is usually assumed that a quantum computation is performed by applying gates in a specific order. One can relax this assumption by allowing a control quantum system to switch the order in which the gates are applied. This provides a more general kind of quantum computing, that allows transformations on blackbox quantum gates that are impossible in a circuit with fixed order. Here we show that this model of quantum computing is physically realizable, by proposing an interferometric (in particular, linear optical) setup that can implement such a quantum control of the order between the gates. We show that this new resource provides a reduction in computational complexity: we propose a problem that can be solved using $O(n)$ blackbox queries, whereas the best known quantum algorithm with fixed order between the gates requires $O(n^2)$ queries.