Loudness Assessment of Music and Speech
Esben Skovenborg, René Quesnel, Søren H. Nielsen · Journal of the Audio Engineering Society · 2004
An experiment was performed to investigate the assessment of loudness of music and speech using a General Linear Model. Eight expert listeners participated in the experiment. The method of adjustment was used for loudness matching of stimuli. Both stimuli of each pair were selected from a collection of 147 homogeneous audio segments including representative samples of speech, jazz, rock/pop, and classical music, together with pink noise and a 1 kHz tone. For each segment, a reliable estimate of the loudness level was obtained from the model. Both the uncertainty and the subjectivity factors were shown to depend on the class of the stimuli. An alternative categorization based on four MPEG-7 Audio Descriptors was also used for the analysis.