Theoretical and empirical support for distinctions between components and conditions of Spatial Presence
Saskia Böcking, André Gysbers, Werner Wirth, Christoph Klimmt, Tilo Hartmann, Holger Schramm, Jari Laarni, Ana Sacau, Peter Vorderer, Mariano Alcañíz, Beatriz Rey Solaz · MADOC (University of Mannheim) · 2004
One of the most important measures of Presence is the questionnaire. Different instruments have been introduced; however, they are based on different and partly implicit theoretical assumptions. The MEC model of Spatial Presence has been proposed as a theoretical framework for the unification and simplification of the existing Presence research. Based on a short explication of this model, the definitions and operationalization of selected constructs (i.e. involvement and presence) within the MEC Spatial Presence Questionnaire (MEC SPQ) will be explained and distinguished from their former use in presence research. Finally, we will present some findings from pretest studies that were conducted with 290 students from three different