The van Hiele Levels of Geometric Understanding
Marguerite M. Mason · Colección Digital Eudoxus · 2009
A husband-and-wife team of Dutch educators, Pierre van Hiele and Dina van Hiele-Geldof, noticed the difficulties that their students had in learning geometry. These observations led them to develop a theory involving levels of thinking in geometry that students pass through as they progress from merely recognizing a figure to being able to write a formal geometric proof. Their theory explains why many students encounter difficulties in their geometry course, especially with formal proofs. The van Hieles believed that writing proofs requires thinking at a comparatively high level, and that many students need to have more experiences in thinking at lower levels before learning formal geometric concepts.