Clinical and Industrial Application of Organometallic Compounds and Complexes: A Review
SY Mudi, Muhammad Usman, Salah Sayed Ibrahim · 2016
The most commonly compounds widely used in homogeneous catalysis are organometallic compounds which are distinguished by the prefix “organo’’. An organometallic compound usually contains both metals, transition metals, Semimetals, Lanthanides and Actinides. Their chemical bonding, reactivity and stabilities are predicted by using 18 – electron rule. Organometallic compounds are compounds that have at least one carbon to metal bond which can either be a direct carbon to metal bond (sigma bond) or a metal complex bond (pi – bond and lone pair). The nature and character of metal – carbon bond of organometallic compounds can either behaved as ionic and covalent or in-between which has very important roles in chemical reactions. Organometallic complexes are complexes that have dative covalent bonds between a metal and organic ligands. The organic ligands often bind the metal through a hetero – atom such as oxygen or nitrogen; such compounds are called “coordination compounds”. Many organic coordination compounds occurred naturally e.g myoglobin, haemoglobin and chlorophyll. Organometallic complexes are highly basic, reducing agents which serve as catalyst by catalyzing many polymerization reactions and clinically used to treat cell and tissues injuries (carcinomas, lymphomas, infection control, anti-inflammatory, diabetes, leishmaniasis, thrombotic and neurological disorders), by acting as superoxide anion scavengers because, Rhodium compounds is analogues to the corresponding Platinum and Ruthenium compounds serve as effective anticancer agents due to significant antitumor properties. Cupper (ll) complexes enhanced anti – inflammatory activity due ability reduced gastrointestinal toxicity and find practical applications in stoichiometric and catalytic processes. Well characterized organometallic complexes can sometimes be detected and isolated from “syn-gas’’ and “water-gas’’ shift reactions which serve as the principal carbon source form coal. In the future, coal is destined to become a major source of many organic chemicals that are produced on a large scale. Ferrocene and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) plays vital roles in petroleum industry which prevent knocking when added to gasoline. Effective advanced technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) are used to determine the dynamic properties, structures and industrial uses of organometallic compounds and complexes due to the ability to absorb the available proton occupied each site of a metal atom in the solution. Nevertheless, organometallic complexes are currently receiving even greater attention because of the rapidly increasing price of petroleum, which has been the principal chemical feedstock. This review tends to highlight the crucial aspects of organometallic compounds and complexes to human body both clinically and industrially.