From Boolean Algebras to Semimodular Lattices
Manfred Stern · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 1999
Sources of Semimodularity Summary . We briefly indicate some milestones in the general development of lattice theory. In particular, we outline the way leading from Boolean algebras to semimodular lattices. Most of the concepts mentioned in this section will be explained in more detail later. We also give a number of general references and monographs on lattice theory and its history. Boolean Algebras and Distributive Lattices Lattice theory evolved in the nineteenth century through the works of George Boole, Charles Saunders Peirce, and Ernst Schröder, and later in the works of Richard Dedekind, Garrett Birkho21, Oystein Ore, John von Neumann, and others during the first half of the twentieth century. Boole [1847] laid the foundation for the algebras named after him. Since then the more general distributive lattices have been investigated whose natural models are systems of sets. There are many monographs on Boolean algebras and their applications, such as Halmos [1963] and Sikorski [1964]. For the theory of distributive lattices we refer to the books by Grätzer [1971] and Balbes & Dwinger [1974]. Modular Lattices Dedekind [1900] observed that the additive subgroups of a ring and the normal subgroups of a group form lattices in a natural way (which he called Dualgruppen ) and that these lattices have a special property, which was later referred to as the modular law . Modularity is a consequence of distributivity, and Dedekind's observation gave rise to examples of nondistributive modular lattices. Lattice theory became established in the 1930s due to the contributions of Garrett Birkhoff, Ore, Menger, von Neumann, Wilcox, and others.