Semantic parsing using word confusion networks with conditional random fields
Gökhan Tür, Anoop Deoras, Dilek Zeynep Hakkani-Tür · 2013
A challenge in large vocabulary spoken language understand-ing (SLU) is robustness to automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors. The state of the art approaches for semantic parsing rely on using discriminative sequence classification methods, such as conditional random fields (CRFs). Most dialog systems em-ploy a cascaded approach where the best hypotheses from the ASR system are fed into the following SLU system. In our pre-vious work, we have proposed the use of lattices towards joint recognition and parsing. In this paper, extending this idea, we propose to exploit word confusion networks (WCNs), compiled from ASR lattices for both CRF modeling and decoding. WCNs provide a compact representation of multiple aligned ASR hy-potheses, without compromising recognition accuracy. For slot filling, we show significant semantic parsing performance im-provements using WCNs compared to ASR 1-best output, ap-proximating the oracle path performance. Index Terms: conditional random field, semantic parsing, word confusion network, natural language understanding