Adaptive Load-Balancing Algorithm with Rainbow Mechanism to Avoid Connectivity Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks
K. Sundaramoorthy · 2015
The majority of the research on protocol design for WSNs has focused on MAC and routing provision. An important class of protocols is represented by geographic or location-based routing schemes, where a relay is greedily selected based on the progression it provides toward the sink. ALBA-R is a protocol for converge casting in wireless sensor networks and features cross-layer integration of geographic routing with contention-based MAC for relay selection, load balancing (ALBA) as well as a mechanism to identify and route around connectivity holes (Rainbow). ALBA and Rainbow (ALBA-R) serve together to solve the problem of routing around a dead end without overhead-intensive techniques such as graph planarization and face routing. The protocol is localized and disseminated and adapts proficiently to unstable traffic and node deployments. Extensive NS2-based simulations is used to reveal ALBA-R considerably outperforms other converge casting protocols and solutions for dealing with connectivity holes, critical traffic conditions as well as low density networks. Our results show that ALBA-R is an energy-efficient protocol that achieves remarkable presentation in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end latency in different scenarios, thus being fitting for real network deployments. Further the results show performance improvement achieved in ALBA-R protocol in terms of improved throughput, greater packet delivery ratio as well as reduced delay and energy consumption.