Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme with Multiple Mobile Base Station for Wireless Sensor Networks
Ashish Kumar Nayyar · 2012
One major challenging issue in wireless sensor networks has been developing energy-efficient protocols. Clustering provides a way to extend the lifetime of a wireless network and at the same time adding multiple mobile base stations may lead to the development of energy-efficient and robust wireless sensor network. In this paper, I propose an energy-efficient and robust hybrid model that use Clustering scheme and deploys multiple base stations. I. Introduction Recent advances in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) sensor technology and wireless networks have triggered the deployment of large scale wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Network has thousands to millions of tiny sensors that have low cost and each sensor node is equipped with a sensing device, a low computational capacity processor, a short-range wireless transmitter-receiver and a limited battery-supplied energy. Sensor nodes monitor some surrounding environmental phenomenon, process the data obtained and forward this data towards a base station located on the periphery of the sensor network. Base station(s) collect the data from the sensor nodes and transmit this data to some remote control station. With an aim to guarantee maximum energy efficiency there are many scheme that suggest organizing sensor node in clusters. Each Cluster has a cluster head and in order to balance the overhead involved in communication between the cluster head and the base station, each node in the cluster takes turn to become cluster head. This new mechanism is a chain-based power efficient protocol based on LEACH(Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) (9). LEACH uses randomized rotation of the cluster-heads to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensor nodes in a network. Once the clusters are constructed, the cluster heads broadcast TDMA schedules providing the order of transmission for members in the cluster. Each node has its own time slot. It transmits data to the cluster head within its exclusive time slot. When the last node in the schedule has transmitted its data, the cluster head will be randomly elected in the next round. It employs localized coordination to improve the scalability and balance the energy usage of the network among all the nodes. The sensor networks considered by most researchers (5-7) have a single static base