Digital video watermarking based on 3D-discrete wavelet transform domain
Sadik Al-Taweel, Putra Sumari, Hailiza Kamarulhaili · 2009
One of the significant problems in video watermarking is the Geometric attacks. The DWT (discrete wavelet transform) domain is used for proposed a novel algorithm to place invisible watermark in a video frame based on a three-level DWT using Haar filter. The proposed algorithm is robust against JPEG compression, geometric attacks such as Downscaling, Cropping, and Rotation. It is also robust against Image processing attacks such as low pass filtering (LPF), Median filtering, and Weiner filtering. Furthermore, the algorithm is robust against Noise attacks such as Gaussian noise, Salt and Pepper attacks. The embedded data rate is high and robust. The experimental results show that the embedded watermark is robust and invisible. The watermark was successfully extracted from the video after various attacks.