Classifying protein segments as transmembrane domains using genetic programming and architecture-altering operations
John R. Koza · 2004
The goal of automatic programming is to create, in an automated way, a computer program that enables a computer to solve a problem. Ideally, an automatic programming system should require that the user pre-specify as little as possible about the problem. In particular, it is desirable that the user not be required to specify the size and shape (i.e., the architecture) of the ultimate solution to the problem before applying the technique. This paper describes how the biological theory of gene duplication described in Susumu Ohno's provocative book, Evolution by Means of Gene Duplication, was brought to bear on a vexatious problem from the domain of automated machine learning in the computer science field. The resulting biologically-motivated approach using six new architecturealtering operations enables genetic programming to automatically discover the size and shape of the solution at the same time as it is evolving a solution to the problem. Genetic programming with the architecture...