FARMS: Fusionable ambient renewable MACS
Vasanth Iyer, S. Sitharama Iyengar, N. Balakrishnan, Vir V. Phoha, Mandalika B. Srinivas · 2009
We address two critical issues in wireless sensor networks: (1) an extension of common Quality of Service (QoS) parameters to study the effects of ultra-low duty cycling applications, and (2) propose a new WSN passive clustering routing protocol using sleep cycles based on available renewable energy resources : Fusion Ambient Renewable MACS (FARMS). The results from lifetime based QoS in a time synchronized deployment show that for a best effort QoS multi-hop deployment with varying percentage of cluster heads, the lifetime is network size and protocol invariant. However, low sensing ranges result in dense networks and thus it becomes necessary to achieve an efficient medium-access protocol subject to power constraints. We present cross-layer energy dissipation per node and show the performance of the network by varying duty-cycles. The study of sensor FARMS harvesting applications allows to measure the impact on idle, sleep and renewable energy cycles and their unique deployment (in terms of density) needs as all the sensor are not active at all times. We show that efficiency of sensor deployment QoS can be provided in terms of distributed load balancing (20% static clustering) at each node, power-aware sleep scheduling (2X increase in lifetime), data aggregation efficiency(B-MAC performs 3X times better than CSMA) in multi-hop passive clustering implementations.