Toward open-world software: Issues and challenges
L. Baresi, E. Di Nitto, C. Ghezzi · Computer · 2006
Traditional software development is based on the closed-world assumption that the boundary between system and environment is known and unchanging. However, this assumption no longer works within today's unpredictable open-world settings, which demands techniques that let software react to changes by self-organizing its structure and self-adapting its behavior.