Blind equalization using the constant modulus criterion: a review
R. Johnson, Philip Schniter, T.J. Endres, J.D. Behm, Donald R. Brown, R.A. Casas · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1998
This paper provides a tutorial introduction to the constant modulus (CM) criterion for blind fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) design via a (stochastic) gradient descent algorithm such as the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). The topical decisions utilized in this tutorial can be used to help catalog the emerging literature on the CM criterion and on the behavior of (stochastic) gradient descent algorithms used to minimize it.