Classical and Quantum Communication without a Shared Reference Frame
Stephen D. Bartlett, Terry Rudolph, Robert W. Spekkens · Physical Review Letters · 2003
We show that communication without a shared reference frame is possible using entangled states. Both classical and quantum information can be communicated with perfect fidelity without a shared reference frame at a rate that asymptotically approaches one classical bit or one encoded qubit per transmitted qubit. We present an optical scheme to communicate classical bits without a shared reference frame using entangled photon pairs and linear optical Bell state measurements.