The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation
Stéfan van der Walt, Steven C. Colbert, Gaël Varoquaux · Computing in Science & Engineering · 2011
In the Python world, NumPy arrays are the standard representation for numerical data and enable efficient implementation of numerical computations in a high-level language. As this effort shows, NumPy performance can be improved through three techniques: vectorizing calculations, avoiding copying data in memory, and minimizing operation counts.