Tracking bad apples
Michael D. Bond, Nicholas Nethercote, Stephen W. Kent, Samuel Z. Guyer, Kathryn S. McKinley · 2007
Programs sometimes crash due to unusable values, for example, when Java and C# programs dereference null pointers and when C and C++ programs use undefined values to affect program behavior. A stack trace produced on such a crash identifies the effect of the unusable value, not its cause, and is often not much help to the programmer.