Reflections on geophysics in India
A. G. Pramanik, Pramod Kumar Painuly, V. Singh · The Leading Edge · 2000
The earliest use of geophysics in India can be traced to Colonel William Lambton, who suggested a survey in 1799 which ultimately result-ed in a geodetic network to study the earth's ellipticity. The study of the earth's magnetism began in 1826, and a geomagnetic observatory (only the second in the world) was built in Mumbai in 1847. It was shifted to Alibagh in 1904.